The Indian Pharmacist

An Ishikawa Diagram, also known as a Fishbone Diagram or Cause and Effect Diagram, is a visual tool used to systematically identify and present all the possible causes of a specific problem or effect. It was developed by Kaoru Ishikawa and is commonly used in quality management and problem-solving processes. Structure: The diagram looks like the skeleton of a fish: The head represents the problem or effect. The spine is the central line connecting to the head. The bones (branches) represent major categories of causes. Smaller bones branching off the main ones show more specific causes. Common Cause Categories (6Ms for Manufacturing): 1. Man – People involved 2. Machine – Equipment and tools 3. Method – Processes and procedures 4. Material – Raw materials or consumables 5. Measurement – Inspection, calibration, and data 6. Mother Nature (Environment) – Surroundings and conditions Example Use Case: If a factory faces product defects, the Fishbone Diagram helps break down potential causes...